Every woman knows
she is more than mere numbers can convey--but how do you explain
on a loan application form for your business that the reason
your credit history is so "thin" is that everything
was in your ex-husband's name? Or that your income plunged
because you quit work to care for a child? Or that even though
your business is brand-new, you've got plenty of experience
in your field?
In most cases,
you can't. The average lender will nix or approve your business
loan based in large part on a computerized tally known as
a credit score. According to a 2000 report by the Consumer
Bankers Assn., 92% of major small-business lenders surveyed
are already using credit scoring. The system analyzes how
good a credit risk you are based on such factors as your income,
how long you've been in business, and whether you've ever
filed for bankruptcy.
The numbers certainly
didn't add up for Maria Morrissey, owner of the Celtic Clotheshorse
in Austin, Tex., when she sought a loan for her kiltmaking
business. First, the lenders said she hadn't been in business
long enough. Later, they told her she was "overextended"
because of her credit-card debt. The bankers were unimpressed
by her growing business, says Morrissey, who is booked through
yearend with orders for her $600 kilts. Recalls Morrissey:
"I said, `Look, it works. Look at what I put in the bank.
Don't you care?' And they said, `No, we just look at your
credit score."'
Nell Merlino, CEO
of microlender Count Me In for Women's Economic Independence,
says such stories are common. "That credit scoring application,
whether you're looking for $2,000 or $25,000 or $200,000,
doesn't take into account the totality of who we are."
While Morrissey
looked like a bad risk to the banks, Count Me In saw fit to
lend her $4,000. Was a loan officer moved to tears by the
hard-luck story of this single mom, who had overcome illness
and previous bankruptcy? Actually, no. A computer approved
Morrissey's loan based on her credit score.
Yup, you heard
right. Rather than throw out a system that has made small-business
lending cheaper and more efficient, Count Me In has given
this banker's tool a mighty tweak. With backing from American
Express Co. (<javascript: void showTicker('AXP')>AXP
) and advice from Fair, Isaac & Co., whose credit scoring
system is used by nine of the top ten small-biz lenders, Merlino's
group devised its own scoring model, which poses some novel
questions. For example, conventional scoring hurts new entrepreneurs--who
include a growing number of women and minorities--by requiring
at least three years in business. "We don't ask how long
you've been in business," says Merlino. "We ask
how long have you been making your product or delivering your
service. As a lender, you get a much more realistic picture
that the applicant knows how to do what they say they do and
can pay you back."
For Nancy Dreier
in Sutton, Mass., her work experience made up for her thin
credit history and landed her a $2,000 loan for her dog-grooming
business. "It feels good to have someone who believes
in you," she says. Count Me In also asks if the woman
has a business plan and if there are other entrepreneurs in
the family who have helped her--two factors that worked in
Morrissey's favor.
This all sounds
so humane--and so unbankerly--that the question naturally
arises: Is it good business? That's hard to say. The organization
has made 125 loans since August and needs 2,000 transactions
to analyze which questions predict a borrower's success. It
may turn out that Count Me In's scoring system is just a noble
experiment, but at least there are 125 grateful women who
now know the numbers aren't always stacked against them.